EART 290C Origin and Effects of the Yellowstone Hotspot: A Case Study Involving Many Disciplines Spring 2006

(CLICK PICTURE TO ENLARGE)

CRB and OPB: Columbia River and Oregon Plateau Basalt YSHS: Yellowstone Hotspot

Steens Mountain, SE Oregon: Earliest Erupted Flows of the Yellowstone Hotspot?

Monday 3:30-6:30 in D250 EMS unless stated otherwise

1^st Seminar: Hotspots, Large Igneous Provinces, and the Plume Hypothesis (Rob Coe)

Coffin & Eldholm, 1993, Large Igneous Provinces, Scientific American, October issue, 42-49.

(An easy-to-read, informative introduction with nice graphics)

Coffin & Eldholm, 1994, Large Igneous Provinces, crustal structure, dimensions, and external consequences, Reviews of Geophysics, 32, 1-36.

(A comprehensive review as of 1994, highly and still much cited, has all the essential background for this seminar—look through it and keep it handy as a reference)

Link to an insightful biographical sketch of J. Tuzo Wilson

Link to a summary by Joann Stock on the question of hotspot fixity: how the hotspot reference frame is tested (and fails)

2^nd Seminar: Non-Plume Hypotheses for and Proposed Environmental Effects of LIPs (Rob Coe)

Anderson, 2005, Large igneous provinces, delamination, and fertile mantle, Elements, 1, 271-275.

Wignall, 2001, Large igneous provinces and mass extinctions, Earth Sci. Rev., 53, 1-33.

3^rd Seminar:

Yellowstone LIP: Extent, Ages, Stratigraphy and Argument for a Shallow Source (Nick Jarboe)

Christiansen, Foulger and Evans, 2002, Upper-mantle origin of the Yellowstone hotspot, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 114, 1245-1256.

Using Large-Scale Geophysical and Geological Features to Pinpoint Inception of Yellowstone Hotspot (Jonathan Glen, USGS)

Glen and Ponce, 2002, Large-scale fractures related to inception of the Yellowstone hotspot, Geology, 30, 647-650.

4^th Seminar:

Impact Mechanisms—Relevant or Irrelevant for the Yellowstone LIP? (Cathy Plesko)

Jones, 2005, Meteorite impacts as triggers of large igneous provinces, Elements, 1, 277-281.

Relation of YSHS to Basin and Range Extension (Joe Colgan, USGS/Stanford)

Colgan et al., 2006, Timing of Cenozoic volcanism and Basin and Range extension in northwestern Nevada: New constraints from the northern Pine Forest Range, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 118, 126-139.

Colgan et al., 2006, Data Repository Item DR-1, Ar-Ar Analytical Data, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull, 118, 16 pp.

5^th Seminar:

Observations and Interpretations of Upper Mantle Seismic Anisotropy (Samantha Hansen and Julie Rokosky)

Waite et al., 2005, Models of lithosphere and asthenosphere anisotropic structure of the Yellowstone hot spot from shear wave splitting, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B11304, doi:10.1029/2004JB003501.

Delamination Mechanisms and the CRB Large Igneous Province (Cheryl Harrison)

Hales et al., 2005, A lithospheric instability origin for Columbia River flood basalts and Wallowa Mountains uplift in northeast Oregon, Nature, 438, 842-845.

Note: Supplementary Figure for Hales et al., 2005.

6^th Seminar (Thursday May 11, 12:30-3:30, C332):

Seismic Tomography of the Yellowstone Hotspot Region (Alex Hutko)

Humphreys et al., 2000, Beneath Yellowstone: Evaluating Plume and Nonplume Models Using Teleseismic Images of the Upper Mantle, GSA Today, 10(12), 1-7.

Fee and Dueker, 2004, Mantle transition zone topography and structure beneath the Yellowstone hotspot, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L18603, doi:10.1029/2004GL020636.

Yuan and Dueker, 2005, Teleseismic P-wave tomogram of the Yellowstone plume, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L07304, doi:10.1029/2004GL022056.

Thermochemical Plume Mechanisms (Cheryl Harrison)

Farnetani and Samuel, 2005, Beyond the Thermal Plume Paradigm, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L07311, doi:10.1029/2005GL022360.

7^th Seminar (Monday May 22, D250):

Eruption styles of YSHS basalt flows and pyroclastic material (Darcy)

Self et al., 2005, Gas fluxes from flood basalt eruptions, Elements, 1, 283-287. (short)

Thordarson and Self, 1996, Sulfur, chlorine and fluorine degassing and atmospheric loading by the Roza eruption, Columbia River Basalt Group, Washington, USA, J. Volc. Geothermal Res., 74, 49-73.(long, more complete)

Environmental effects of Yellowstone hotspot LIP eruptions (Hilde Schwartz)

Barnosky and Carrasco, 2002, Effects of Oligo-Miocene global climate changes on mammalian species richness in the northwestern quarter of the USA, Evolutionary Ecology Research, 4, 811–841.

Lockley, 1990, How volcanism affects the biostratigraphic record, Geol. Soc. Amer. Special Paper, 244, 1-12.

McKinley et al., 2000, Microfossils and paleoenvironments in deep subsurface basalt Samples, Geomicrobiology Journal, 17:43–54, 2000.

Grattan, 2005, Pollution and paradigms: lessons from Icelandic volcanism for continental flood basalt studies, Lithos 79 (2005) 343– 353.

8^th Seminar (Thursday May 25, 12:30-3:30, C332):

Yellowstone LIP Plume Hypothesis (Nick Jarboe)

Camp and Ross, 2004, Mantle dynamics and genesis of mafic magmatism in the intermontane Pacific Northwest, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B08204, doi:10.1029/2003JB002838.

Yellowstone Hotspot: Model Constraints and Comparisons (Sarah Hall)

No assigned reading

9^th Seminar (Monday June 5, D250):

Wrap up/Concluding Thoughts (Bob Christiansen, USGS)

Christiansen, Foulger and Evans, 2002, Upper-mantle origin of the Yellowstone hotspot, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 114, 1245-1256. (again)

New! 10 pages on model for generation of the YSHS LIP and bimodal volcanism from:

Christiansen, 2001, The Quaternary and Pliocene Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field of Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 729-G, 144 p.

Link to current version of schedule for future seminars

Instructor: Rob Coe rcoe@es.ucsc.edu 459-2393

The world’s youngest Large Igneous Province, the Columbia River and Oregon Plateau Basalt,

is a continental flood basalt that has been attributed to the activity of the Yellowstone hotspot.

Recent symposia at the Goldschmidt and GSA meetings have shed much new light on this topic.

Link to 2005 GSA Yellowstone Hotspot session abstracts

After a couple of weeks introduction by the instructor, students will read, present and discuss papers

on this topic from a wide range of disciplines to evaluate questions such as:

* Where and when did the YSHS first erupt?

* Was it catastrophic? Rate and mode of eruption.

* Is there one volcanic track or two?

* How has YSHS activity evolved?

* Is the YSHS a plume or a shallow melting anomaly?

* Are there diagnostic geophysical or geochemical signatures?

* Did uplift precede or accompany eruption?

* Was the YSHS a trigger for Basin and Range extension?

* What were the climatic and biological effects?

Regular meeting time will be arranged to fit students’ schedules. Sign up and/or email me if you are interested,

and come to the first organizational meeting, if you can, 12:00 Tues April 4 in 236 EMS to choose best time.