9/21 Overview of seismic methods. Discuss use of seismics at all scales, from very fine, high resolution to course, deep penetration. Concepts of frequency and source duration. Eli, Casey

9/26 Seismic Geometry and acquisition methods - importance of source signature and receiver geometry. Discussion of aliasing frequency. SG 7 and 8 Eli

9/28 Fundamentals of interpretation. SG 10 to p. 364; B Casey (Eli)

10/3 Wave propagation; elastic constants, absorption, diffraction, wave types, dispersion.
.SG 2 Eli

10/5 Reflectivity, Zoeppritz equations; geometry of reflection events, refractions. SG 3,4; W 2  Eli

10/10 Seismic stratigraphy SG 10; B  Casey

10/12 Processing overview: shot gathers, t-x vs f-k, multiples, ground roll, dip filters. Y 1; SG 9  Eli

10/19 Signal processing: convolution, xcorr, acorr; z-transform, filtering, spiking and predictive deconvolution. Y 1; SG 10  Eli

10/21 NMO, vel. Anal., stacking, DMO SG 9  Eli

10/24 Velocity and lithology, porosity, density; measuring velocity (rms stacking, sonic logs, vsp, reflectivity, refraction). Eli
SG 5

10/26. Rock Physics and log measurements; relating logs to seismic data.
MBB 5; Tucker  Casey

10/31 Structural interpretation from seismic data. B; SG 10  Casey

11/2 Migration methods: f-k, fd, ps, psdm. SG 9  Eli

11/7 Exam

11/9 3D& 4D seismics SG 12 (Dobrin and Savit 10?)  Casey, Eli

11/14 Seismic attributes, Bright Spots, other direct indicators of hdyrocarbons and gas
References from TLE, Landmark Casey

11/16 Seismic Modeling and Visualization SG 10, 390-398  Casey

11/21- New generation of imaging tools: guest lecture? (Eli)

11/23 Thanksgiving

11/31, 12/1 focus on class projects
 

Labs:

Fundamentals of Processing
Fundamentals of Interpretation
Seismic Stratigraphy
Structural Interpretation of Seismic Data
Seismic Modeling-if I can get Gx2 to work-there are licensing problems
Workstation Interpretation (at least two labs to warm people up for their projects-I only did one in the past and students said that it was not enough)

Individual Interpretation Data Sets: (for projects and workstation interpretation labs

Costa Rica: We have part of 3D volume
Oregon Accretionary Prism: Good 2D grid, mostly Structure.
Eel River Basin: Good 2D grid , Structure, gas features
Point Arena Basin: Good 2D grid , Seismic stratigraphy, structure
Barbados Accretionary Prism: 3D data set, structure, some stratigraphy
Gulf of Mexico: 3D data: Normal Faults (growth faulting during sedimentation)

Textbook:
Sheriff and Geldart, Exploration Seismology (SG)
Additional Readings from:
Waters (W)
Badley (B)
Yilmaz (Y)
Tucker and Yorath (TY)
Dobrin and Savit (DS)
McQuillin, Bacon and Barclay  (MBB)
 

Tectonics

(Earth Sciences 207)

Preliminary Schedule Winter 2000

January

5 Introduction to the class; Principal tectonic features of the Earth
   Chapters 1 and 3 (Moores and Twiss, Tectonics)

10 History of Tectonic Ideas (p. 247-260)

12 Plate Tectonics - Vectors: Chapter 4

19 Plate Tectonics - Solving problems on a sphere

24 Convection in the Earth's Mantle (Gary Glatzmaier)

26 Driving mechanisms of plate tectonics: page 80

31 Hot spots, absolute motions, superswells

February

2 Finite Rotations, reconstructing the Earth's surface

7 Rifted margins and spreading centers: Chapter 5

9 Transform faults and margins: Chapter 6

14 Subduction zones and convergent margins: Chapter 7

16 Collision zones and mountain building: Chapter 9

21 Seismic imaging of the subsurface: Chapter 2 (Ru-Shan Wu)

23 Planetary surfaces: Chapter 13 (Erik Asphaug)

28 Neotectonics -  seismicity and paleoseismicity: Chapter 11

March

1 Neotectonics - determining fault rates and uplift

6 Overview of the North American Cordillera, and other orogenic regions

8 Class presentations

13 Class presentations

Text: Tectonics, by E.M. Moores and J.J. Twiss
Available in the Bay Tree Bookstore

Helpful links:
1) Plate Motion Calculator by Kensaku Tamaki, based on poles published by DeMets et al.
 http://manbow.ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp/tamaki-html/plate_motion.html

2) Harvard Seismology CMT catalog
http://www.seismology.harvard.edu/CMTsearch.html

3) UCSC Digital Library page
 http://bob.ucsc.edu/library/science/ej.html

4) Long Valley Information
 http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/VOLCANOES/LongValley/

5) Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) Homepage
 http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/
 

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Environmental Geophysics
(Earth Sciences 114)
 
 

Spring 2000

Preliminary schedule - to be revised

This class explores the subsurface for issues of groundwater distribution and quality, buried environmental hazards, thickness of sediment fills, fault locations and displacements, and other environmentally significant problems, using geophysical tools. Geophysical methods will include seismic reflection and refraction, gravity, resistivity, well-logging, and ground-penetrating radar. Prerequisites: Course 10 or 5 and Math 11B or equivalent, or consent of the instructor. Basic physics would be helpful. Several all day field experiments will be held on Saturdays.

Prospectus

Week 1. Environmental problems and how they can be investigated using geophysical techniques.
Overview of the geophysical methods, including the physical basis of each method and its usefulness for different environmental problems. Focus on problem definition and report preparation.
Reynolds, Chapter 1: 1-27

Week 2. Seismic methods
Behavior of seismic waves in rocks
Factors controlling reflections and refractions at an interface
Acquisition of seismic data - setup geometry, source signal, receiver response
Determining seismic velocity and why itís important for interpetation
Using vertical seismic profiling down a well to determine velocity
Reynolds, Chapter 4: 211-275

Week 3. Seismic refraction method
Setup, determining depths and velocities of buried layers
2 and 3 layer systems
Determining the dip of buried interfaces
Faults
What will refraction do that reflection will not do, and vice versa?
Reynolds, Chapter 5: 276-320

Week 4. Interpretation of seismic reflection data
Questions of resolution, image enhancement, geologic significance of reflections
Expected reflection patterns in sedimentary environments, faulted regions, and over buried objects
Velocity, seismic processing, imaging
Discussion of what seismic reflection can and cannot do for a given problem
Reynolds, Chapter 6: 311-414

Seismic Field experiment

Week 5. Gravity method
Basics of measuring gravity
Reducing the measurement to the zone of interest
Reynolds, Chapter 2: 31-70

Gravity Field experiment

Week 6. Interpreting Gravity
Modeling the gravity effects of buried pipes, caves, faults and other features
Estimating the maximum depth of a buried object
Implications for Environmental hazard analyses
Advantages and disadvantages of using gravity for studying environmental problems
Reynolds, Chapter 2: 71-115

Week 7. Introduction to Ground Penetrating Radar
Basics of the method and similarities to seismic reflection
Fundamentals of GPR acquisition and processing
Reynolds, Chapter 12, 681-713

GPR Field experiment at Fort Ord

Week 8. Interpretation of Ground Penetrating Radar and other EM
Interpretive methodologies
Using different  antenna frequencies to study different problems
Shallow stratigraphy, buried pipes and other objects
Benefits and drawbacks to GPR
Reynolds, Chapter 12: 713-749

Week 9. Resistivity method
Introduction to electrical methods, including Resistivtiy
basics of measurement
Interpretation methodology
Usefulness for environmental and archaological problems
Benefits and Uncertainties in the use of resistivity
Reynolds, Chapter 7: 417-490

Week 10. Synthesis
Using a variety of tools to study a given problem
Introduction to well logging as a companion to other methods
Understanding differences in penetration depth, resolution, and physical properties accessed with the different geophysical tools

Text: An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics, by John Reynolds, Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997.
Instructor: Eli Silver, A112 EMS Bldg, x9-2266; email: esilver@es.ucsc.edu